Hysteroscopic and Low-dose Insemination Techniques in the Horse (20-Dec-2004)

Introduction The number of equine sperm used for artificial insemination (AI) in the mare was largely established by research conducted at Colorado State University in the 1970s [1-3]. The minimum insemination dose of 500 million progressively motile spermatozoa (PMS) established in these studies has been widely used as an industry standard. Clinical observations suggest that this insemination dose provides a conservative and effective insemination dose for the mare. Other authors have suggested that individual stallions may require fewer sperm for maximal fertility (100 to 250 million PMS) and that adjustment for the percentage of morphologically normal sperm may be desirable [4,5].